The Movie Noah Directed By Darren Aronofsky - 2152 Words

The movie Noah directed by Darren Aronofsky is advertised as a representation of the biblical story of Noah and the flood. After watching this movie and reading the story in the Bible, it is evident that there are some differences between the film and the story in God’s book. The film does not only use the Bible as a point of reference, but other historical books as well. The Epic of Gilgamesh or The Book of Enoch potentially influenced the production of the movie. Aronofsky’s interest in these sources is understandable as he is an atheist and most likely did not want to rely on biblical text alone. The story of the flood is well known throughout the world and it has affected many people groups. There are many accounts written on the story because of this reason. The Bible has a written account of this story in Genesis, the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Book of Enoch do as well. The biblical account of Noah is the true, real story that was written by God. If one compares the film to the Bible there are many differences and similarities between the two mediums. Some of the similarities are evident, and some are more difficult to uncover. The Book of Enoch explains that Noah’s grandfather is Methuselah. This is shown in the movie, but is not as prominent in the biblical version, however it is still said. Knowing this information, gives the viewer and reader a reference point of where Noah originally came from. One very noticeable parallel is how Noah and his wife were blessed

The Theory Of The And Social Theory - 1468 Words

The footbridge scenario can be explained as follows: The ‘Personal Hypothesis’ which can be summarised as: â€Å"If an act is manifestly personal, then it is judged impermissible†. It is a potential explanation for a permissible or impermissible action, such as pushing s stranger off the bridge, which is clearly personal. Greene et al.. (2001) strongly support this hypothesis as it suggests that emotional engagement in peoples’ ideas of what they consider to be an impermissible or acceptable judgement (Nichols Mallon, 2006). Researchers have found evidence that supports the Personal Hypothesis. Despite the growing support; there are a number of criticisms that question this hypthesis. For instance, some acts that are clearly personal and†¦show more content†¦For a long time, psychologists debated the issue of whether moral judgments could be considered emotional and non-rational processes, such as Freudian internalisation and behaviourist reinforcement, or reasoning and â€Å"higher† cognition, such as Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s post-conventional reasoning. Recent studies showed the importance of both emotions and reasoning, particularly the process of automatic emotions, which was shown to be influential. Lawrence Kohlberg (1969) was responsible for one of the revolutions in this area. He carried on Jean Piaget’s earlier work by developing a six-stage model of the development of moral reasoning. Kohlberg believes that morals develop through a role- taking experience which improves moral reasoning that creates moral judgments or by evaluating a problem from several perspectives. Kohlberg focuses on moral reasoning and ignores the role of moral emotions. Recent research has begun to point out the importance of the origins of human morality in reference to a set of emotions. By distinguishing the effects of moral versus non-moral phenomena, Moll, Oliveira-Souza, Bramai and Grafman, (2002) examined moral cognition. In contrast, Greene et al. (2001), drew a difference within the moral area between â€Å"personal† and â€Å"impersonal†

Work Placements Skills Development Outcomes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Work Placements Skills Development Outcomes? Answer: Introducation Communication skill is one of the most effective factors based on which one individual can make an effective interaction with another at the workplace (Goetsch Davis, 2014). While interacting with the coworkers I need to render more flexibility on my communication skill. As a result, people belonging to various geographical backgrounds and attitudes do not show their reluctant attitude in performing well towards the services. In order to evaluate my communication skill I have used five diagnostic tools. Based on the scores collected from those diagnostic tools I have decided to improve my skill of communication. I have used the diagnostic tool of self-perceived communication competence. This very specific tool implies on how can communicate with different kinds of situation. As per general point of view, a human being is comfortable in maintaining an effective communication with a specific situation. It is undeniable that I have to face different kinds of situation at my workplace. However, as per the evaluation sheet of self-perceived communication competence, it is inevitable that I do not have to face barriers in maintaining an effective verbal communication if it is surrounded with known person. After evaluating personal report of intercultural communication apprehension, I have evaluated how much I am competent in communicating with the people of various cultural backgrounds and attitude. While working within an operations I may have to deal with the people of diverse cultural backgrounds and attitudes. In this kind of situation, I may have to face innumerable language barriers, psychological barriers and cultural barriers. If I have to face difficulties in communicating with the cross-cultural people, I can use non-verbal communication as well. Non-verbal communication implies that written communication, communication through facial expression, body language and so on. Personal report of public speaking anxiety implies on how a communicator becomes nervous while delivering speeches in front of public (Leathers Eaves, 2015). Large number of people from different psychological backgrounds is present in a public sphere. Therefore, I as a speaker have to become very much conscious while delivering speeches. In this very specific study, I have observed that my active listening skill would have to be strong while proving speeches in front of public. I have to respond effectively in being connected to the people. In the evaluation sheet, I got average score in Personal report of public speaking anxiety that signifies I get nervous in communicating with the people. While evaluating my non-verbal immediacy scale report I have observed that I have to face several challenges in maintaining a non-verbal communication with my co-workers in the business field. Non-verbal communication is not competent enough in maintaining effective communication with each other. In this kind of situation, people from various geographical backgrounds and attitudes have to face difficulties in providing good services. As I am associated with a multinational corporation, I have to face innumerable challenges in maintaining effective communication with every people of different cultural. In this situation, I have to use my hands, body language, gesture and attitude, facial expression and so on. By using the diagnostic tool of talk-aholic scale, I have evaluated that my assertive perception skill is good. I can keep my mind cool at any kind of sudden crisis. As a result, I have control on my speech as I can decide where I should react and where I should keep quite. Therefore, I would have to show equal competency at everywhere so that both the speaker and the communicator can respond equally. After evaluating my self-perceived competence skill I have scored 60 in communicating with public, 63 in meeting, 70 in Dyad, 75 in group, 50 in stranger, 50 in acquaintance, and 92 in friend. Therefore, it is inevitable that I do not have to face any kind of communication issue while interacting with my friends. On the contrary, my stranger communication is very low that shows I am not comfortable enough in interacting with a stranger. At the same time, it is very much prominent that my group communication is also is not very poor. In meeting, I have received an average score. However, after analyzing intercultural communication apprehension sheet I have scored 45. This very specific score implies that I have average skill of competency in communicating with the people of various cultural backgrounds and attitudes. I have personally observed that I have t o face difficulties while talking with the cross-cultural people. Whenever I fail to convince my own point of view, I like to use non-verbal communication for maintaining a transparency between sender and receiver. However, in order to survive within the organization I may have to face innumerable challenges in communicating with my colleagues. I get nervous while showing my views and thoughts with the people of different culture. As a result, I fail to express my point of view properly that can be effective for another person. In addition, my thoughts become jumbled up while communicating with diverse cultural people. In this kind of situation, it becomes very much difficult for me to manage the situation. This kind of incompetency can prevent in getting promoted for better position. In Personal report of public speaking anxiety, I have scored 99, which is moderate. I could have scored better for enhancing my communication skill in public instead of being nervous. In addition, people of various geographical backgrounds and attitudes are associated within the business organization. Therefore, any kind of anxiety and nervousness can highly affect my entire performance level. In non-verbal immediacy scale report, I have scored 87, which is not very low. It can be highlighted that I have good non-verbal communication skill that can easily help me in communicating with the people of different cultural backgrounds. In talkaholic scale, I have scored 27, which is good for a performer and communicator. While filling up the evaluation sheet I got to know that I have a control within way of speaking. I know very well where should I react and where I should keep my reaction controlled. After analyzing the five diagnostic tools, I have identified two major communication issues that I have to rectify. I have identified that my Self-perceived communication competence is not sufficient for taking any kind of office burden. On the other hand, as a performer I should know how to react in different situations. In order to be an efficient employee I may have to face immense challenges in various situations. Therefore, I should have that much of skills and competency based on which I can deal with the situation effectively. I have observed that taking with a friend regarding any issue does not bother me enough. I can be flexible even in talking within a group. I can easily share my experience while my business manager likes to make an effective group discussion. However, at the same time, my public communication skill as well as communication with the strangers is a major barrier for me. I cannot perform well while interacting with stranger. As a result, at my own workplace I have to face challenges in making an effective rapport with new colleagues. At the same time, my intercultural communication skill is also very low. With the help of an effective intercultural communication skill, I can easily interact with the people of various psychological backgrounds and attitudes. In this kind of situation, organization would be able to maintain an effective cultural diversity. Employees do not get fatigued in performing well. However, I have observed that different languages and communication approach is a major barrier for me in rendering good performances. While talking with a person from other religious background, I always feel nervous and afraid. As a result, the communication between the sender and receiver remains ineffective. In this very specific part, I can share my own experience on how I have faced difficulties in communicating with my new colleague at workplace. That specific person was from different religious backgrounds. As a result, I had to face immense language barrier while interacting with that person regarding business issue. In this kind of situation, my business manager tended to show dissatisfaction on the performance of both. We both failed to deliver effective services due to the customers due to communication gap. As a result, the performance level was getting decreased day by day. Another experience was related to delivering speech at meeting. I was instructed to give a presentation in front of business manager in a meeting. There, I realized that my Self-perceived communication competence is extremely low. I was fumbling while giving the presentation. Due to the lack of confidence, I ultimately failed to convey the message to business managers. As a result, they intended to show imme nse dissatisfaction towards me. Business mangers instructed me to re-present the format so that they can understand my point. After that particular incident my team lead did not approach me for any kind of presentation. My organizational image was hampered immensely. The concept of inter cultural communication: Numerous eminent scholars have provided their own opinion regarding the importance of inter-cultural communication. A business organization is constituted with the people of various cultural as well as psychology backgrounds and attitudes. Therefore, the role of an efficient employee is to communicate with every individual coworker effectively. Arnold and Boggs (2015) stated that employees need to exchange necessary thoughts and views at the workplace. If an individual employee is not able to share information within workplace, the entire customer service system gets affected. A particular work floor is constituted with the people of various cultural people. Therefore, language barrier and psychological barrier becomes a major concern for the employees. Daim et al. (2012) opined that an individual while interacting with the employees of diverse cultural backgrounds couldnt make effective decision. Their psychology and way of perception differs from one point to another. As a result, business managers become confused which specific views they should give priority and which one they would like to reject. Bovee, Thill and Raina, (2016) stated in this context that effective communication is highly significant for getting good performances. If the employees have to face difficulties for maintaining a proper communication with each other due to language barrier, they can use non-verbal communication as well. One of the most specific reasons of maintaining non-verbal communication is maintaining transparency. Roble (2012) stated that employees can express their views and thoughts through written communication, facial expression, specific posture and so on. As a result, they can transmit necessary messages regarding meeting the business tar get. As per the opinion of Kurtz, Draper and Silverman (2017), several positive effects are there in inter cultural communication. The business managers can gather immense views and thoughts from the point of views of various employees. As a result, they do not have to struggle in taking effective decision regarding the business goal. The overview of Self-perceived communication: The overarching term self-perceived communication is the concept on how an individual likes to react under different level of circumstances. A business environment is constituted with different kinds of situation. Employees may have to take innumerable burden sometimes in order to maintain a balance between demands and supply. At the same time, an individual employee has to face various meetings, group discussion sessions, friends, strangers and so many. Mascle (2013) opined that an individual is comfortable in maintaining effective communication under one specific circumstance. Whenever this specific individual has to face different level of situation, the person intends to react in a negative manner. However, in this very specific study Self-perceived communication implies that individual should be comfortable in maintaining effective communication under any kind of situation. As per the opinion of Brink and Costigan (2015), an individual is very much comfortable in making effectiv e interaction with friends. On the other hand, when that specific individual is trying to attend a business meeting numerous barriers occur suddenly. On the other hand, it is very much easier for an individual in maintaining an effective communication in a group. Similarly, it is very much difficult for making proper communication with a stranger. Therefore, the flow of communication of an individual is highly dependent on situation as well as environment. Wilton (2012) opined that while working in a specific organization an individual employee has to face various phases. Attending meetings, group discussion, training session are the part of professional life. On the other hand, employees may have to meet numerous strangers for business purpose. In this kind of situation, they would have to be accustomed with every single environment. Communicating in one specific situation may hamper the efficiency of a professional. Therefore, this specific individual would have to be very much proficient in every situation. The importance of effective communication in a workplace: Different eminent scholars have provided their point of view regarding the importance of effective communication in a workplace. Keyton et al. (2013) stated that proper communication maintains a transparency based on which an individual can deliver the services. If a specific message between the sender and receiver were not transmitted properly, the entire communication method would fail. In this very specific study, the importance of maintaining effective communication is discussed properly. As per the point of view of Rosemann and vom Brocke (2015), effective communication can help the business managers in taking collective decision as well. With the help of an effective communication, an individual can exchange their way of perception. As a result, managers can make strategic decision. As per the opinion of Novik and Podgrecki (2015), proper communication enhances workplace rapport among the employees. People of diverse cultural backgrounds and attitudes are primarily associated with a specific organization. Therefore, the role of a business manager is to make an agile work environment at the workspace. Participating on the group discussion and different organizational activities can help business employees in making effective communication with each other. Employees get more opportunities to get accustomed with the culture of each other. As a result, employees can maintain a unity at the workplace. Sometimes, language barrier can become a major hindrance for workers in maintaining proper communication effectively (Eggenberger, Heimerl Bennett, 2013). In order to overcome any kind of language barrier the employees can follow non-verbal communication as well for overcoming communication gap. Royle and Laing (2014) opined that communication leaves a major impact on gaining customers attention as well. If the employees fail to communicate with the customers properly the organizational, profitability is hampered. However, non-verbal communication is not effective enough in maintaining proper rapport with the customers. Employees having communication issue can attend proper training and development session. As a result, the business employees can get a scope to enhance their professional skill and competency. An effective training session can help the individuals to get accustomed with the culture of each other as well. Chiang, Goes and Stohr (2012) opined that employees intend to skip sharing necessary information to each other. In this kind of situation, a proper development session can help an individual in enhancing their skill of interaction. This professional development skill may help to enhance the competency of employees in delivering proper services to the customer s. As per the opinion of Kinicki and Kreitner (2012), an effective communication acts as a bridge between service providers and service users. Laswells model of communication: Laswelles model of communication is constituted with five stages that include who, says what, channels, to whom and with what effect. This Business communication model implies that a person while transmitting messages would be able to communicate with the help of proper channel. If an individual is sufficient enough in delivering the message in proper time the receiver can decode the message. If the receiver can revert the message with proper logic and relevance, the entire purpose of communication is successful. In this very specific model, Laswell has emphasized the fact that the receiver would like to provide a positive response only when the sender can transmit the message properly. Deepa and Seth (2013) stated that cultural barrier, language barrier, psychological barrier are the specific reasons due to which the organization is not able to deliver the message properly to the sender. In a business organization, employees are from different geographical backgrounds and psychological attitudes. In this specific situation, sender may not be successful in transmitting the message properly. As a result, people of various geographical backgrounds and attitudes fail to communicate with each other properly. As per the theory of Lasswell, sender while encoding the message tends to select a proper channel. While attending the business meeting managers may have to face language barrier. In this situation, that specific person intends to use a proper translator with the help of which the delivery of messages can be continued in an effective manner. If the business managers have to face immense difficulties in dealing with the employees a proper training method can help in enhancing communication skill (Shuayto, 2013). Managers should have multilingual flexibility based on which the person can communicate with every single employee equally. The role of an efficient business manager is to provide equal response to every single employee. Literature gap: The entire literature review has provided in-depth overview about the various aspects of communication and different communication tools. The importance of maintaining an effective communication has also been depicted in this specific study. Different eminent scholars have provided their opinion about the importance of proper communication at the workplace. A business organization is constituted with the people of various cultural as well as psychological backgrounds and attitudes. Therefore, the role of an efficient employee is to communicate with every individual coworker effectively. Therefore, language barrier and psychological barrier becomes a major concern for the employees. A particular work floor is constituted with the people of various people from different religious as well as psychological backgrounds and attitudes. If an individual employee is not able to share information within workplace, the entire customer service system gets affected. However, this specific literat ure review is not devoid of some of its major drawbacks as well. The study has not focused to discuss the various factors that highly affect effective way of communication within a specific business organization. The study has not depicted the major ways on how communication barriers can be overcome. Action Plan: An action plan is the set of activities based on which I can take an immediate step based on the issue faced at the workplace. In this very specific study, communication has been identified as a major issue. With the help of this very specific action plan, I have tried to make an effective presentation on how the issue can be resolved with the help of various activities. In the following table, I have presented those activities in order to render an effective solution. Serial No. Activities Start Date End Date Duration 1. Making an approach for training to human resource manager about the communication gap 06/10/2018 08/10/2018 3 2. Formulation of aim and objectives of the training 09/10/2018 10/10/2018 2 3. Identify other persons who needs training 11111/2018 20/10/2018 10 4. Using tools for interacting with the trainer 21/10/2018 24/10/2018 4 5. Data collection from trainers feedback 1/11/2018 3/11/2018 8 6. Data analysis 02/11/2018 07/11/2018 7 7. Evaluation of the training program 08/11/2018 10/11/2018 3 8. Go back to the work floor 11/11/2019 15/11/2018 1 Table 1: Time horizon of the Action plan Source: Created by the author In order to enhance the communication skill an action plan has been prepared. In the very first stage, I can raise an issue to the human resource manager that I am facing difficulties in communicating with the people of various geographical backgrounds and attitudes. I can identify the name of those persons who need and effective training and development session with me. Human resource managers can provide us an efficient trainer for enhancing our professional skill and competency. HR managers can provide the trainer appropriate tools and properties with the help of which training and development session would be conducted. Emergence of technology is one of the most effective tool based on which the entire training would be conducted. The human resource managers should provide available technological resource so that employees do not have to face challenges in receiving the training session. After receiving the training session appropriate data should be collected from the trainers i n order to know the way of progress. Based on the feedback received from trainers the performance of the trainee would be evaluated as good or bad. As a result, I would be able to understand I should continue my training session or I should proceed for the workplace. After receiving an effective feedback from the trainer, I would like to evaluate my own competency and performance. If I can get an effective feedback from the trainer, I would like to go back the work place again in order to deliver an effective services to the customers. Reference List: Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. R. (2014).Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Bar-Sela, G., Lulav-Grinwald, D., Mitnik, I. (2012). Balint group meetings for oncology residents as a tool to improve therapeutic communication skills and reduce burnout level.Journal of Cancer Education,27(4), 786-789. Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,2(5), 1-10. Bergener, K., vom Brocke, J., Hofmann, S., Stein, A., vom Brocke, C. (2012). On the importance of agile communication skills in BPM education: Design principles for international seminars.Knowledge Management E-Learning,4(4), 415. Bovee, C. L., Thill, J. V., Raina, R. L. (2016).Business communication today. Pearson Education India. Brink, K. E., Costigan, R. D. (2015). Oral communication skills: Are the priorities of the workplace and AACSB-accredited business programs aligned?.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(2), 205-221. Chiang, R. H., Goes, P., Stohr, E. A. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics education, and program development: A unique opportunity for the information systems discipline.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),3(3), 12. Daim, T. U., Ha, A., Reutiman, S., Hughes, B., Pathak, U., Bynum, W., Bhatla, A. (2012). Exploring the communication breakdown in global virtual teams.International Journal of Project Management,30(2), 199-212. De Grez, L., Valcke, M., Roozen, I. (2012). How effective are self-and peer assessment of oral presentation skills compared with teachers assessments?.Active Learning in Higher Education,13(2), 129-142. Deepa, S., Seth, M. (2013). Do Soft Skills Matter?-Implications for Educators Based on Recruiters' Perspective.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,7(1), 7. Eggenberger, E., Heimerl, K., Bennett, M. I. (2013). Communication skills training in dementia care: a systematic review of effectiveness, training content, and didactic methods in different care settings.International Psychogeriatrics,25(3), 345-358. Geissler, G. L., Edison, S. W., Wayland, J. P. (2012). Improving students' critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills.Journal of Instructional Pedagogies,8, 1. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Guilln-Nieto, V., Aleson-Carbonell, M. (2012). Serious games and learning effectiveness: The case of Itsa Deal!.Computers Education,58(1), 435-448. Keyton, J., Caputo, J. M., Ford, E. A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S. A., Liu, T., ... Wu, C. (2013). Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(2), 152-169. Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2012).Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills best practices. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Kurtz, S., Draper, J., Silverman, J. (2017).Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine. CRC press. Leathers, D. G., Eaves, M. (2015).Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. Mascle, D. D. (2013). Writing self-efficacy and written communication skills.Business Communication Quarterly,76(2), 216-225. Novik, N. N., Podgrecki, J. (2015). A Model of Developing Communication Skills among Adolescents with Behavioral Problems.International Journal of Environmental and Science Education,10(4), 579-587. Penbek, ?., Yurdakul ?ahin, D., Cerit, A. G. (2012). Intercultural communication competence: A study about the intercultural sensitivity of university students based on their education and international experiences.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,11(2), 232-252. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Shuayto, N. (2013). Management skills desired by business school deans and employers: An empirical investigation. Ver?i?, A. T., Ver?i?, D., Sriramesh, K. (2012). Internal communication: Definition, parameters, and the future.Public relations review,38(2), 223-230. Wilton, N. (2012). The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates.Studies in Higher Education,37(5), 603-620.

The Virtue Of Sport Essays - Virtue, Christian Ethics, Virtues

The Virtue Of Sport The Ancient Greeks believed that there were four cardinal virtues to living a good life. These virtues: courage, temperance, justice and wisdom can be applied not only to everyday life, but also to the society of sport and to the film, ?Hoosiers?. In this film, many characters have these qualities, illustrating the virtue of sport. The characters in the film show a great deal of the first virtue, courage. For instance, Coach Norman Dale. He is brought into a new situation, as a coach of a small town basketball team. It is a formidable task, which he faces head on. Hickory, Indiana is like many other small towns. They are a close knit community, who are not especially welcoming to new comers and are generally against change, especially when coming from an outside source. This is where Coach Dale encounters most of his problems. He has new ideas for the basketball team and the townspeople resent his ideas and methods. In this sense, Coach Dale shows a great deal of courage. Another courageous character is Jimmy. He is the town's star basketball player and has chosen to give up the sport, due to the death of someone close. When he re-approaches the sport, he gives new faith to the town, team and himself. Shooter, the local alcoholic also shows a great deal of courage. With the support of Coach Dale, he is able to shed the label he has been given and face his illness head on. As a result of this, he is given a second chance, both in the community and with his son. Although it is a difficult road to travel, with many obstacles, Shooter is well on the way to recovery. Being made an assistant coach to the Hickory High School basketball team has given him direction in life, a meaning and a purpose. This shows that courage is a vital virtue for all to keep both in sport and in life. The second virtue is temperance. Illustrated in the film, this virtue examines the individual versus team play. The Hickory High School basketball team was all about team play. In fact, it was one of the central themes of the whole film. Coach Dale realized that team play was important, and that this virtue was important to the team. They barely had enough players to field a team. This would seem discouraging to many others, but the team was able to see that the most important aspect of the game was the team themselves. Coach Dale also realized that the virtue although present in the team needed greater expression in the community. By the end of the film, the residents of Hickory finally observe this aspect of the virtue. Temperance, shows the need for moderation and understanding in both team and community settings. Justice, the third cardinal virtue is also shown, to a certain extent in the film. Is it important to give each person his or her time in the limelight? Coach Dale believed this was true. He was fair to all of his players, giving each the chance to play, but also enforcing the rules at the same time. Sometimes this meant that the team had to play short handed, but it was all to get his point across. He gave each player the chance to show their ability and made each player feel that they were an essential part of the team, no matter how big or small they were. It was also Coach Dale that gave Shooter a second shot on life. Being a part of a team gave him reason to try and reprove himself to the community and his son. Justice will always be an important part of the society of sport. How would one even know how far they could stretch their abilities if never given the chance to try? Coach Dale shows us that this is necessary both in sport and in the community. That last virtue, wisdom was shown in a few instances in the film. The concept of wisdom is that of understanding self and controlling self. It took quite a while, however, Coach Dale realizes his possibilities as coach and also as a member of society. He

Socrates-Plato-Athens essays

Socrates-Plato-Athens essays The social and cultural conditions in the city of Athens between 440 and 370 B.C.E., a time when philosophers and military leaders such as Aristotle, Socrates and Pericles were at the height of their powers, can be compared to the current situation in the United States in three important ways. First, in the decades just before the Peloponnesian War, the city of Athens reached the pinnacle of its power and prosperity, often referred to as the Golden Age of ancient Athens. Economically, the city was much like any of a number of modern American cities like New York, Chicago or Los Angeles, due to society being divided into classes based on economic income. For example, the wealthy citizens of Athens lived in private homes, either in the city or in the countryside; the middle class, usually those that did the hard work to support the activities of Athens, lived rather modestly in the city or in villages on its outskirts, while the poor were forced to live in rented houses or in tenements runs by the Athenian government. Second, following the end of the Peloponnesian War, the city of Athens re-established its democratic principles and became a major force in international politics. In the first half of the 4th century B.C.E., Athens and other city-states experienced shifting alliances among its citizens and political leaders. By the mid 350s B.C.E., Athens efforts to extent its power over all of Greece, with Sparta standing firmly in the way, ended in failure. This struggle for supremacy finally ended in a stalemate and allowed the kingdom of Macedonia, the stronghold of Alexander the Great, to expand its influence in Greece. This situation is very similar to what is now happening between the U.S. and Iraq, namely, that the U.S. is attempting to spread its influence and power in order to fight terrorism, something closely akin to Athens attempts to destroy Sparta and the Persian Empire (the current location of Iraq and...

How to Actually Use Your SAT Math Formulas

How to Actually Use Your SAT Math Formulas SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On average, you’ll need to use an SAT math formula once every four to five questions. This accounts for approximately 20-25% of the combined math sections, which means it is crucial that you understand how and when to employ your formulas on the SAT. We’ve put together the list of your need-to-know SAT formulas (prioritized in the order from greatest to least that you’ll see them on the SAT) as well as how to best use them for test-day. What Formulas Will You Need on the SAT? You will always be given nine geometry formulas and two geometry laws on the test, but NO algebra or coordinate geometry formulas. We’ve put together a list of the 21 SAT math formulas you should know for test dayand prioritized them according to â€Å"need to know† and â€Å"good to know.† If you feel rusty on any formula or math topic on the list, check out one of our individual math topic guidesto see how the formula works (and even why it works), as well as how to recognize when to use it. We’ll also show you the alternatives to using formulas for many questions. For instance, you can solve your distance questionsby either using the distance formula or by drawing a picture and using the Pythagorean Theorem. Both of these methods require formulas, but you are given the Pythagorean Theorem in the formula box, and so we have classified the distance formula as â€Å"good to know† but ultimately not â€Å"necessary.† SAT math questions are designed to be solved in a multitude of ways, so don't worry about having to find the one "right" path. How to Use Your Formulas Effectively So how do you best utilize your formulas, both given and not given? Let’s take a look. 1) MEMORIZE your formulas The best thing you can do for yourself (and your SAT math score) is to memorize your formulasyes, even the ones you’re given. Though it is nice to have the formula box as a fallback option to double-check your work, it is both a distraction and a time suck to continuously flip back and forth from problem to formula box, problem to formula box. Dividing your focus like this can lead to careless errors and is not something that we recommend. Unless you, for any reason, cannot memorize your formulas, then absolutely do so. Memorization (and practice, to drill them into your head) is going to be one of the strongest tools in your belt when taking the SAT math section. If you're a visual learner, make yourself a set of formula flash cards. If you're a kinesthetic (movement) learner, practice drawing and/or writing them out on a separate piece of paper. And if you're an auditory learner, get a parent or a friend to help you drill them aloud. Once you feel you've got your formulas down, practice using them on actual SAT questions to help you both remember them and learn how to use a particular formula for a particular problem. (We'll give you the opportunity to practice using your formulas in the next section.) 2) Prioritize learning your most crucial formulas Some formulas come up over and over (and over!), while others show up sparingly at best. If you are pressed for time, nervous about memorizing so many formulas, or simply trying to map out your plan of attack, memorize your formulas in the order that they appear most often on the test. Of your â€Å"necessary† formulas, they appear on the test from greatest prevalence to least in roughly this order: Law: the sum of the interior degrees of a triangle is 180 Area of a triangle Law: the sum of the degrees of a straight line is 180 Area of a rectangle (or other quadrilateral) Pythagorean Theorem Finding slope of a given line (rise/run) Finding slope of line connecting two points Finding percentages Law: the number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360 Area of a circle Circumference of a circle Finding averages Area of a circle’s arc Circumference of a circle’s arc Finding probabilities Finding combinations Finding the midpoint of a line Volume of rectangular solid Volume of cylinder Of the â€Å"good to know† or â€Å"shortcut† formulas, you will need them roughly in this order: Special right triangle properties, 30-60-90 Special right triangle properties, 45-45-90 Arithmetic sequences Geometric sequences Distance formula 3) Decide NOW which (if any) of your â€Å"good to know† formulas you want to memorize The reason they are called â€Å"good to know† formulas is exactly how it soundsyou can find all the answers to your SAT math problems without knowing these formulas or shortcuts at all. On the other hand, knowing them can save you time and effort, so it’s entirely your decision whether or not to memorize them. Just keep in mind that it is worse to remember a formula incorrectly than it is to have not attempted memorizing it at all. So if you do decide to memorize, say, the distance formula, make sure you’ve got it locked down tight. Otherwise, just decide here and now to only pay attention to your necessary formulas and leave the â€Å"good to know† formulas in the dust. 4) Practice SAT math questions at home without looking up your formulas It’s one thing to memorize your formulas with flash cards, but it’s a whole other ball game to remember them when you come face to face with real SAT math problems. You’ll have to figure out which formulas to use and how to execute them, in addition to remembering just what they are. And the only way you’re going to be able to do this is by practicing. After you’ve made the effort to memorize your formulas, practice your SAT questions without the safety net. Try to solve them as if you were really taking the testso memorize your formulas if possible, but feel free to use the given formulas as a fallback in case you get stuck or need to double-check your answers. 5) Don’t panic if you forget a formula Most of all don’t panic! We’ve said it before, and we’ll say it againthere are always multiple ways for you to solve your SAT math questions. So if you forget a formula, don’t worry about it! Is it a problem that can’t be solved without a formula? You will always have your given formulas in your formula box to rely on in a pinch. Is it a problem that requires an algebraic (aka, NOT given) formula? Then you will likely be able to solve it in a way that does not require a formula. On most occasions, you will be able to use the strategies of plugging in answers,plugging in numbers,or even just making a logical guess, to help you solve questions that you otherwise cannot. If necessary, you can usually eliminate one or two answer choices that are obvious outliers, even if you don’t know the formulas or strategies for how to solve the problem. For example, let's check out how we narrow down our answer options for an SAT math problem without using any formulas at all. If, for any reason, you forgot your formulas and even forgot that you had a formula box at your disposal, you can still eliminate several answer choices for this problem. If we remember that all SAT figures are drawn to scale unless otherwise noted, we can see at a glance that angles $a$ and $c$ are clearly smaller than angles $b$, $d$, and $e$. Eliminating two answer choices is enough to take a guess on the SAT and not risk too much with a wrong answer penalty, but we might be able to narrow it down even further. Even without knowing that a straight line has a degree measure of 180, we can logically deduce that a straight line must measure some amount and that all straight lines will be the same. The unknown angle attached to a given angle in a straight line (the supplementary angle) will therefore measure the remaining amount of the full measure of the line (whatever that measure may be). To visualize this, let's say that you have two buckets full of tennis balls. Each bucket contains the exact same amount of tennis balls, even though you don't know how many that is. You remove two tennis balls from the first bucket and one tennis ball from the second. Even though you didn't know how many tennis balls there were to begin with in each bucket, we know that the second bucket must have more tennis balls remaining than the first. This means that the angle attached (supplementary) to the larger given angle on a line will be smaller than the angle supplementary to the smaller given angle on a line. In other words,angle $e$ will be smaller than angle $b$, because $e$ is attached to a larger angle on a line. This means we can eliminate angle $e$ from the group. This leaves us with two answer choices, $b$ and $d$, all without the use of any formulas whatsoever. By guessing now, we have a 50-50 shot of getting it right! [Note: the correct answer is D, angle $d$.] And, as a last resort, you can always skip the problem entirely. Remember: if you cannot eliminate any answer choices, then you’re better off skipping the problem and simply moving on. Pick up points where you can and cut your lossesa question here and there that you have to skip won’t affect your score as much as you may think. Ready to test out your formula skills? SAT Math Practice Using Formulas Now let’s test your formula knowledge against real SAT math problems, all of which require formulas (both given and not given) to solve. 1) 2) 3) 4) Answers: D, D, C, 8 Answer Explanations: 1) If we remember our solid geometry formulas, we know that the volume of a rectangular prism is found by: $a = lwh$ So we can find the volume of our smaller rectangular blocks by multiplying the height, length, and width. $3 * 2 * 1$ $6$ inches. We can also find the volume of our larger prism the same way. We are told that the box is a cube, which means that the height, length, and width are all equal. If one side of the cube measures 6 inches, the volume of the cube will be: $6 * 6 * 6$ $216$ inches. Now we can simply divide the larger box by the smaller blocks. $216/6$ $36$ 36 smaller rectangular blocks will be able to fit into the larger box. Our final answer is D, 36. 2) This is another problem we can pretty much eyeball and work through logically, without knowing much about circles. We can also work through it using our formulas properly, so let's look at both techniques. Let's start by estimating. We are told that the larger circle has a circumference of 36 and that the radius of the smaller circle is half the radius of the larger circle. We also know that the figure is to scale, since we are not told otherwise. Even without knowing anything about circles, we can see that the cut out of 80 ° looks to be a little less than a quarter of both the larger and the smaller circle. As you can see, the red lines would divide the circle into proper quarters, and 80 ° is a little less than this. So if we know that the larger circumference is 36, we can divide this by 4 to find the approximate length of the larger arc. $36/4 = 9$ We know that the arc of the larger circle must besmaller than 9 (remember80 ° is a little less than a quarter), so the arc of the smaller circle must be even smaller than this. We can safely eliminate answer options A and B. Now we can eyeball the difference between the arc measures and guess that, if the larger arc is close to 9, the smaller arc is probably larger than 2. This leaves us with two answer choices, C and D, which gives us a 50-50 chance of getting the right answer. It is a safe time to make our best guess. Alternatively, we can solve the question by using our knowledge of circle formulas and angles. We are told that the larger circle has a circumference of 36 and we know that, to find the circumference of a circle, we use the formula: $c =Ï€2r$ If the circumference is 36, then the radius must be $36/2 = 18$ This means that the radius of the smaller circle (which we were told is half the radius of the larger) must be 9. Now, to find the circumference of an arc, we use the formula: $c_{arc} =Ï€2r(\angle/360)$ $18(80/360)$ $4$ Our final answer is D, 4. 3) We know that the area of a triangle is: $a = {1/2}bh$ Imagine, then, that we are working with a right triangle. This way, we can use one of our leg measures as our height to get our maximum area. We also know that the hypotenuse of a right triangle will be the side opposite the 90 degree angle. So if 10 is the longest side (the hypotenuse), the base or the height would have to be smaller. If, however, 10 acted as either the base or the height, the 7 would act as the other piece. This would mean our area was: $a = {1/2}(10)(7)$ $a = 35$ The largest possible area for our triangle is 35. Our final answer is C, 35. 4) For this problem, let us first fill in our given information. Now, we know that triangle APC is a right triangle, which means we can use either the Pythagorean Theorem (or our triangle shortcuts) to find the length of AP. $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ $a^2 + 3^2 = 5^2$ $a^2 + 9 = 25$ $a^2 = 16$ $a = 4$ AP = 4 Now triangle ABP is also a right triangle, because it is connected on a line to the right triangle APC. In other words, angles BPA and APC are supplementary. This means we can find the measure of leg BA by using the Pythagorean Theorem one more time. $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ $(4√3)^2 + 4^2 = c^2$ $16(3) + 16 = c^2$ $48 + 16 = c^2$ $64 = c^2$ $c = 8$ BA = 8. Our final answer is 8. You did it! It's done, yay! Image: Travis Nep Smith/Flickr The Take-Aways Don’t underestimate the value of needing to both know and understand your SAT formulas, but don’t get too fixated on them either. Though problems that require formulas account for 20-25% of your overall SAT math questions, that still leaves 75-80% of all SAT math questions that DON’T require formulas at all. So make sure that you know your formulas, but don’t think that knowing your formulas is the only hurdle to pass to do well on your SAT math test. Formula knowledge is just one step (though an important step) for doing well on the SAT math section as a whole. But a knowledge of your formulas, a balanced study plan, and a brush-up on any SAT math topic in which you might be rusty will definitely help get you to get where you need to be by test-day. What’s Next? Need to brush up on a particular SAT math topic?Check out ourindividual math topic guidesfor all your SAT math needs. Running out of time on the SAT math section?We'll show youhow to beat the clock and maximize your scorebefore time runs out. Been procrastinating in your SAT math study?Our guide willhelp you balance out your study time and beat back the urge to procrastinate. Aiming for a perfect score?Check out ourguide to getting an 800 on the SAT math section, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. 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Saudi Arabia Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Saudi Arabia Paper 1 - Essay Example The use of aid in Saudi Arabia is also discussed, notably that Saudi Arabia does not receive aid but instead provides foreign aid to impoverished Muslim countries. Despite the efforts taken by the Saudi government, there is still criticism due to its religious based aid provision. Finally, the paper also discusses the environmental issues facing the country and the steps taken to mitigate them. It is noted that the main environmental issues are desertification, water depletion and emission of carbon waste from oil production in the country. Despite being one of the world’s strongest economies, Saudi Arabia still bears the mark as having more than three million people living below the poverty line (Burke and Yaghoubian, 2005). Some of the biggest heralds of poverty in the oil-rich country is seen in the urban areas, where a big percentage of the population lives below a dollar a day in income. Currently, the Saudi population lies at more than 28 million people, and it is estimated that more than third of this population lies below the poverty line. One of the biggest social imbalance issues in Saudi Arabia is the fact that the government does not regularly release poverty figures, and the international community is hard pressed to determine the exact count of poor individuals (Burke and Yaghoubian, 2005). It should, however, be pointed out that in the IGAD region, Saudi Arabia still lies better that the other countries in the poverty index. Because of the widening inequality gap between the poor and rich, the gov ernment has been trying to implement measures aimed at reducing both rural and urban poverty. Two of the main programs implemented by the Saudi government aimed at reducing urban poverty are the Free Lands Plots project and the Real Estate Development Fund, both projects aimed at providing land and land development resources

Trilateral Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trilateral Commission - Essay Example Since its establishment in 1973, the Trilateral Commission has been promoting closer relations among three major global economic powers; Europe, the United States and Japan. The organization was set up by some individual Europeans, Japanese, and citizens of the United States to help find solutions to the general challenges facing the countries and offer governance on the pertinent issues of these egalitarian industrialized economies in the broader global spectrum. The leadership responsibilities of the member states are often executed out in a joint manner and with regard to a developing extent. Fortunately, the recent past has witnessed the organization tailor its scope to mirror this transforming scenario and the prospects it offers. Overview of Tri-lateral Commission Coming to terms with a deep dissension between the major economic regions of the world, the Trilateral Commission has its scope clearly cut out to promote more political and economic discourse among the partners. The mission of the Trilateral Commission revolves around promoting ties among the three major economic regions of the world. In light of this, the organization witnesses the contemporary world superseding the national influences and looks at the world as a common arena for finding solutions to political and economic challenges facing the individual states. Even though, it is vital to nurture greater integration among all the world states, Japan, and Western countries, in light of their immense significance to the global economy and their remarkable international ties, bears an exceptional responsibility for cultivating effective collaboration, both in regard to achieving the national goals and in pursuit of the general world. These goals include; poverty eradication and maintaining security in the three regions1. The Commission brings together knowledgeable leaders to chart the way forward on most pressing issues that the world was facing, in which time, effective communication and international relations between Europe, North American region, and Asia were missing. The organization has developed since its formation to incorporate different countries from other regions in the three continents, and it persists with its intent to confirm that researches and trilateral discourse on the significant challenges facing the planet remain, thus should be treated with the weight they deserve as was the case in 1973. Although, the economic challenges facing the member states have undergone evolution, their significance has only worsened, thanks to the increasingly interconnected nature of the world economies and sovereignty of different world states of the contemporary world. Although, the organization incorporates only a few states, and organizes infrequent meetings, it sees immense value in its formation and hopes to expand and become more proactive in extending its scope2. The Trilateral Commission is working toward the effective search for solutions to the challenges facing the member countries. This has enabled Japan, North America, and Western Europe to foster dialogue, embrace consultative culture and work together more directly, on the principle of equal opportunity, to formulate and implement significant policies on issue affecting their citizens. The organization also seeks to avoid chances of the states embracing unilateral approaches to the issues that not only face them, but the world in general. These include actions that are not in line with their close relations and from decisions that are disadvantageous to the rest of the world and to enable the member countries to benefit from existing global and regional bodies and further enhance their input. The Commission intends to con tribute more significantly as a forum of open dialogue with other states and regions; promote development processes of the â€Å"overburdened states† and greater enhancement European and Asian countries economically, and politically. Impacts of Trilateral

Living in sin by Adrienne Rich Essay Example for Free

Living in sin by Adrienne Rich Essay Being a woman is different from being a man. Women do have difficulties living with men. In the poem Living in Sin, the author, Adrienne Rich, has showed the difficulties of their life, and the horrible relationship through her figurative language, and imagery. The imagery reveals the difficulties and differences between men and women. First, she has A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl, in her life. A plate of pears represents the sweetness of life. She expects she will have a sweet life, a great relationship with her mate. Secondly, a towel to dust the table-top, and let the coffee-pot boil over on the stove has shown that she has to take care of everything in the house. She uses a towel to clean the table. This shows her annoyance from cleaning, and she cleans the table carelessly. Finally, By evening she was back in love again, she woke sometimes to feel the daylight coming like a relentless milkman up the stair. These two lines contain both overstatement and irony. When the night is coming, she feels relax and back in love because she finishes all her work, and she can take a rest. Contrarily, when the morning is coming, she feels disappointed because all the annoying things will happen again. The carelessness of her mate makes her feels bad and she will no longer stay there.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe’s contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poe’s theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy life, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture the beauty through poetic form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genus, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seems to surround Poe’s life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the second son of David and Eliza Poe, but soon after he was born, David abandoned the family. Then two years after that occurrence, Eliza died from tuberculosis. After her death, Edgar, his little sister, Rosalie, and his brother, William, were separated. While William was sent to live with his grandparents, and Rosalie was sent t o a family in Richmond, Virginia, Poe moved to live with John and Fannie Allan (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a well-known businessman, and Poe was no longer surrounded in poverty. John made sure that Poe was given a good education, and when living in England with the Allan’s, he went to private academies. The then moved back to the states, and Edgar enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. When he was there, he spent much of his money, and soon found himself in debt. He asked Mr. Allan to pay for it, but he refused, because he assumed that the debt was due to Poe’s constant gambling and consumption of alcohol (Silverman 29-38). It can be assumed that the greatest contributor to Poe’s disturbance was his addiction to alcohol. His foster family’s status made this problem a shameful vise, and a source of conflict. Poe used drinking as an escape of sorts, and his life was greatly affected by the substance. It disrupted his writing, his first engagem ent, and his time with his foster family. After he left home, he tried to make a life for himself in Boston. He was reunited with his brother, but at the young age of 24 he died which upset Poe very much. His writing became more insistent after being rejecting constantly by newspapers. Soon afterwards, he married his own cousin, Virginia, who was his symbol as the perfect woman. In 1837, he moved to New York, where competed wit... ...erished possession. Finally, he asks once again, whether it is fantasy that is only a dream, or is it that reality itself is but a dream as well. Edgar Allan Poe always seemed to desire creating another world, an artificial creation, but in this process conveys the beauty he always craved for. Poe’s life was one full of despair and depression, which later lead him to create literary masterpieces. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him appear fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. In this day and age, his words are to be regarded with a newfound significance, for literature has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his place in literary circles was uncertain in his own time, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today. Bibliography Hart, James David. The Oxford Composition to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne Publications, 1991. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar Allan Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper, 1992.

Origins Of Alternative Education In India Education Essay

Harmonizing to one of the position, instruction has been derived from the Latin word educare which means to convey up or to raise. Harmonizing to this position, instruction is procedure of leaving to an single certain information and cognition which was considered by the society. Education implies the alteration of the behavior of the person by enforcing criterions of society upon him. Therefore, this derivation gives the construct of teacher-centred instead than child-centred instruction. There is another group of minds who believes that the term ‘education ‘ has been derived from the Latin word ‘educere ‘ which means to ‘lead out ‘ or ‘to pull out ‘ . Education hence, means to take out or pull out the best in adult male. It is the procedure of ‘drawing out from within ‘ instead than ‘imposing from without ‘ . In the Indian Context the Education agencies The Indian Synonyms of Education are the words ‘Shiksha ‘ and ‘vidya ‘ . Shiksha is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root ‘Shas ‘ which means to ‘discipline ‘ ‘to control ‘ ‘to instruct ‘ or ‘to Teach ‘ . Similarly Vidya is besides derived from Sanskrit verbal root ‘vid ‘ which means ‘to know ‘ . Hence the training the head and acquisition of cognition have ever been the dominant subject in Indian attacks to understanding the instruction.Experimental acquisitionThe experimental instruction is an organic and invariably germinating attack to larning.According to them they believe that ‘anyone can make it ‘ . The thoughts advocated can be replicated about anyplace, and can be used, as some are making, in mainstream ( authorities and private ) schools. This type of teaching method aids in Enhancement in Education. It explores the ways in which kids can detect their ain endowments and involvement, at their ain endowments and involvement, at their ain topographic points, in their ain ways, assisted by instructors, parents, and friends and others-learning in and from their neighbors, their small town, their community and the environment in which they live. It tells that how instruction can be successful in footings of kid ‘s ain demand for cognition. This sort of instruction therefore relies to a great extent on experiential acquisition which compiles of advanced attacks, method, and thought of acquisition, purpose to be child centred ) . The relevant and liberating instruction should include: – Bing child-focussed- the kid is the Centre. The kid dictates the gait and involvements. Leting larning in multiple ways. Enhancing the senses through acquisition. Not being sole, there is a ( government-prescribed ) scrutiny for school completion, nor it should sole in the footings of category, gender, caste or faith. Meeting a kid ‘s life -enriching demands in conformity with kid rights, leaving religious values, cognition of moral, societal norms and responsibilities and eventually, it should seek out to run into life-development demands of functional preparation of unconditioned endowments, and vocational instruction. The importance of instruction being child-centred, get downing from what the kid knows and is interested in, and at the gait preferred by the kid. Now Approach to primary instruction has been officially accepted non merely by the one state but besides by the whole universe including the developed and under developing states as a human right for about half a century. Yet, today even we enter into the epoch of twenty-first Century ; there is merely about three-fourthss of kids of school-going kids are able to go to a primary school. In a development states big figure drop-out of kids took topographic point before making Class V and there are many others who are ne'er able to make schools. Although the state like India in which the authorities had placed a high precedence on instruction in policy statements, every clip fails because of proper execution is missing in the policy. Thus an India base with 30 per cent of the universe ‘s nonreaders has female literacy rates much lower than in sub-Saharan Africa [ PROBE 1999 ] . The universe ‘s largest figure of kids who are out-of-school is reached the grade which is close t o 59 million are in India, out of which 60 per centum are misss ( Human Development Report 2000, UN ) .37 per centum of the kids from India are unable to make Class V [ Haq and Haq 1998 ] . And this despite the Directive Principles in Article 45 of the Indian Constitution which prescribes that the province shall seek to supply, within a term of office of 10 old ages from the beginning of the Constitution, for free and mandatory instruction for all kids until they reach the age of 14. Although after this determination the figure of primary schools has increased 2.82 times since 1951 and registrations have improved, the duty of the authorities for making a satisfactory substructure has in pattern non been matched by matching out-lays which continue to stay deplorably unequal at around 3 per cent of the GDP. The huge figure of labyrinth of literature on primary instruction in India has identified assorted grounds for its abysmal province ; why kids bead out and why they remain un enrol led or non traveling in the school. In this infinite several surveies have been done which indicated that the hapless quality of schooling is responsible for low keeping [ Colclough 1993 ; Bhatty Kiran 1998 ; PROBE 1999 ; Banerji 2000 ; Dreze and Gazdar 1996 ] . However, most of these surveies look at the job of instruction within the confines of the schoolroom. They tend to disregard or underact the fact that besides hapless quality, demotivated or un interested instructors and unequal substructure, there are larger other structural restraints which impede entree of kids to schools. There are several literature written on primary instruction in India besides reveals that entree and keeping remain job countries in this domain.Beginnings of Alternate Education in IndiaHistory OverviewThe present mainstream educational system was inaugurated in India in the mid-nineteenth century. Over the following century ; it about wholly supplanted earlier educational establishments. There had, ea rlier, been a broad web of little small town schools- pathsahlas, gurukuls and madarasas. There was a construct of ‘One Village-One School ‘ and was become the norm in assorted parts of the state, up to the earlier 19th century. A big figure of such learning schools-reportedly100, 000 was merely in Bihar and Bengal. They played of import societal function and ‘were, in fact irrigating holes of civilization of traditional communities ‘ . ( Dharampal, 2000 ) .Students from assorted castes studied in these schools, although there was no such favoritism on the footing of castes, credo and coloring material. It was unfastened for all but there must hold been disproportionately representation in the school, the male childs outnumbered misss. Most of the misss learnt a scope of accomplishments within their places ; from parents, relations, and private tutors- including Humanistic disciplines, trades, practical accomplishments, agribusiness, wellness and linguistic c ommunications. Harking back to the tradition of monasteries and ashrams, schools interspersed preparation in practical life accomplishments with academic instruction. As the clip goes on within the overall context of diminution of local economic systems, these went into diminution and decay under colonial regulation. Intentionally the policy was employed by the authorities to pass over out this community based schooling, and replace it with an foreign theoretical account. In 1931, Gandhi alleged that ‘ today India is more illiterate than it was 50 or a 100 old ages ago ‘ ( M.K.Gandhi 1931, Dharampal 2000 ) . He besides added that British decision makers had ‘aˆÂ ¦.scratched the dirt and begun to look at the root, and left the root like that and beautiful tree perished. ‘ Autochthonal instruction was replaced by an foreigner and rootless, intentionally set up, as it was explained by Lord Macaulay ( 1835 ) , to ‘form a category who interprets between us and the 1000000s we govern. Despite the transportation of power in 1947, Indian schools continued in the same mold. Some alterations were introduced: the authorities expanded its range and web of schools in both rural and urban countries and local slang linguistic communications were accepted as medium of direction in these schools. Today we have huge web and figure of authorities in our state and turning figure of private tally establishments. Yet, the basic format remained the unchanged, a big figure of school today based on derivative and mechanistic theoretical account. They are designed to bring forth persons who fit into modern society and its ( Consumerist and competitory ) Valuess, and are easy to regulate since they learn to be extremely disciplined within hierarchal, centrally administered establishments. Schooling therefore, tends to reenforce societal inequalities-Class, caste and gender. Affluent Children go to in private run schools, while hapless attend schools run by the province because for hap less entree to private school has become the dream. Despite of Vital differences in installations and support, all these schools portion a similar ethos. The acclivity is on absorbing information instead on original thought and imaginativeness. The set up is centralised and bureaucratic, instructors distanced from pupils largely simply making a occupation, while school act as a bringing points for a set course of study and content. Schools generate ‘failures ‘ in big scale-contributing to crises of assurance at national degree.Early PioneersAlternative or the experimental acquisition to the educational system began to emerge every bit early as the late nineteenth and the early 20th century ‘s. Some of these attempts truly tag a important alteration and their attempts are still seeable. Social reformists began researching alternate instruction by the late of 19th century. Swami Vivekananda, Dayanand Saraswati, Syed Ahmed Khan, Jyotiba Phule, Savitribai Phule and others promoted the thought of instruction as a force fo r societal regeneration, and set up schools/institutions toward this terminal. Vivekananda and Dayanand Saraswati combined spiritual revival with societal service/ political work, through the Rama krishna Mission and Arya Samaj Schools severally. Syed Ahmed Khan set up the Aligarh Muslim University ( originally, Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College ) , with the ends of leaving modern instruction without compromising on Islamic Values. Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule were actively concerned with get the better ofing the societal inequalities. They chiefly work with the dalit kids and miss schooling in Maharashtra. There were some Significant educationalists emerges in half of the 20th century included Rabindra Nath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Jiddu Krishnamurthy, Gijubhai Badheka And Sri Aurobindo. By the mid of the 1920s and 1930s, these loyalists had created the figure of feasible theoretical accounts of alternate acquisition, as a considered response to the ailments of mainstream instruction. Some of the thoughts were in confederation with the battles for national Independence and the revival of Indian society. The ‘alternatives ‘ emphatic committednesss, and mutual links between school and the society. Rabindranath Tagore pointed out several restrictions of school set up by colonial governments, in his Hagiographas Shikhar Her Fer ( 1893 ) and Shikhar Bahan ( 1915 ) . As a kid, Tagore had refused to go to School ; he subsequently wrote, ‘What tortured me in my school yearss was the fact that the school has non the completeness of the universe. It was a particular agreement fo r giving lessonsaˆÂ ¦But kids are in love with life, and it is their first love. All its coloring material and motion attract their eager attending. And are quite certain of our wisdom in smothering this love? We rob the kid of his Earth to learn him geographics, of linguistic communication to learn him grammaraˆÂ ¦Child-Nature protest against such catastrophe with all its power of agony, subdued at last into silence by penalty. ‘ ( Tagore, in Chakravarty1961, pg 218 ; in Prasad2005, pg81 ) . Tagore set up his ain option to the predominating educational system: Vishwa Bharati in Shantiniketan, Bengal. Classes here, were- and still are held in the lap of nature. Vishwa Bharati becomes a Centre for excellence in art and aesthetics, originative activities and consciousness of local every bit good as universe civilizations. Gandhi ‘s position resembles Tagore ‘s in the accent on contextually relevant instruction, mother lingua as the medium of direction, and resistance to examination-oriented studious stretch. He translated his vision into pattern through a series of school, get downing in Phoenix Farm and Tolstoy Farm in South Africa and go oning into schools set up in Champaran, Sabarmati, Wardha and many other parts of India. Gandhi developed Nai Taleem or Basic Education in which pupils giving few hours daily to academic chases, and the remainder of the twenty-four hours to the public presentation of ‘Bread Labour ‘ that includes trade work, agribusiness, cookery, cleansing and related undertakings. His attack to instruction aimed at beef uping village life and communities. Equally early as 1917, When Gandhi began five little schools for provincials ‘children in Champaran, so he said, â€Å" The thought is to acquire clasp of as many kids as possible and give them an a ll unit of ammunition instruction, a good cognition of Hindi or Urdu and through that medium, cognition of arithmetic, basicss of history and geographics, simple scientific rules and some industrial preparation. No cut and dried course of study has yet been prepared because harmonizing to him I am traveling on a unconquered path. I look upon you present system with horror and misgiving. Alternatively of developing the moral and mental modules of the small kids it dwarfs them. Phase trades, humanistic disciplines, athleticss and jubilation of festivals from all faith were of import parts of Nai taleem. In Nai Taleem there were no text editions as such, but pupils were invariably encouraged to utilize library and can acquire the cognition of diverse field. In the library instruction is non merely the motivation but exposure to different field or topics are besides required. Educationist Gijubhai Badheka emphasised on kids ‘s demand for an atmosphere nurturing independency and autonomy. He gave this thought an institutional footing by set uping Bal Mandir in Gujarat in 1920, and in his Hagiographas, he identified the different aspects of thought. Gijubhai ‘s Divaswapna ( 1990 ) is the fabricated narrative of a instructor who rejects the Orthodox civilization of instruction. This authoritative piece of composing by him outputs rich penetrations into effectual instruction, as it describes experiments in instruction undertaken by an inspires instructor in a ordinary small town school. Gijubhai explains and clearly showed that how to learn history, geographics, linguistic communication and other topics through narratives and rimes, in a manner that appealed to kids. He believed in eliciting the kid ‘s wonder in a 1000 and one things runing from insects to stars, instead than routine text edition learning. Gijubhau wrote a figure of books an d brochures for parents, instructors, general readers and capturing narratives and poetries for kids. J. Krishnamurti excessively thought of instruction in connexion with the whole of life. It is non something stray, prima to disaffection. He looks closely at the procedure of larning in relation to human life. In the life of Krishnamurti, pupul jayakar quotes him speech production of that period in his life some 75 old ages subsequently. â€Å" The male child had ever said, ‘ I will make whatever you want ‘ . There was an component of subservience, obeisance. The male child was obscure, unsure, and ill-defined ; he did n't look to care what was go oning. He was like a vas, with a big hole in it, whatever was put in, went through, nil remained. â€Å" ( J. Krishnamurti: a life. Arkana,1996 ) . He noted that the instructors have a duty to guarantee that'aˆÂ ¦when kid leaves the school, he is good established in goodness both externally and inside ‘ . Krishnamurti set up two schools in the 1930s, Rajghat Besant School in Varanasi, UP and the Rishi Valley School in Andhra Pradesh, over the decennaries, the KFI ( Krishnamurti Foundation of India ) has kept alive its committedness to meaningful instruction, spread outing its web of schools to Chennai, Uttarkashi, Bangalore and Pune. Like Gijubhai ‘s and Gandhi ‘s schools, KFI has shown that alternate instruction can be made accessible to those from underprivileged backgrounds every bit good. Learning ends are individualised for each kid, and learning AIDSs are carefully designed utilizing cards, books, marionettes, narratives and local stuff. A visit to any of this school of Krishnamurti bring to his idea: ‘Education is non merely to go through scrutiny, take a grade and a occupation, acquire married and settle down, but besides to be able to listen to the birds, to see the sky, to see the extraordinary beauty of a tree, and the form of hills, and to experience with them, to be truly, straight in touch with them. ‘Mainstreaming OptionsInvention of Alternatives Schools can distribute to mainstream Education?Though it might look disconnected and confusing, the landscape of alternate schooling is surely fertile! From the scope of schools discussed before, it is clear that there are people scattered across the different parts of the state, woolgathering of a different sort of instruction, and many who are really populating out their dreams. Most of the experiments are little but basically replicable. They reached out their mark population in a meaningful ways to diverse kids, from the different economic backgrounds and from diverse societal scenes. Several Experiments are clustered in Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra with the scattering in other topographic points including Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bengal, Gujarat, Delhi, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and others. It is informative to retrieve that sometimes, there is no difficult and fast line spliting the mainstream from the option. Even hardcore ‘mainstream ‘ schools bit by bit follow some elements of ‘alternative ‘ acquisition in their teaching method to learn the kids. Tonss of primary and nursery schools across the state have for case have adopted the some elements of Montessori and play manner methods, through which kids enjoy the acquisition and catch the technique more rapidly and expeditiously. Widespread inquiring has propelled even the authorities to show in some betterments. Therefore, non formal instruction runs links instruction to societal consciousness. The Bihar Education Project ( in partnership with UNICEF ) has opened Charwaha Vidyalayas ( for kids croping animate beings ) and Angana paathshalas ( courtyard schools for misss in distant countries ) . The Cardinal authorities ‘s ‘ Education Guarantee Scheme, and Alternative and Innovative Education Scheme ‘ employ flexible schemes for out of school kids, including span classs, back to school cantonments and residential cantonments for accelerated acquisition. In some of these, larning results have proved to be of rather a high criterion ( Education for All 2005 ) . Premier teacher developing establishments such as the District Institutes for instruction and preparation ( DIET ) have incorporated a few originative, kid centred teaching methods. The NCERT has devised a new, province of art curricular model for school instruction. Yes all this is still a far call from the realization from the full blown options. It is truly sad to cognize that mainstream instruction still dominates the lives of the huge bulk of Indian kids. It chiefly depends upon its philosophical foundation which rest on big graduated table, centralised, scrutiny oriented instruction, with flexible day-to-day agendas and stiff course of study. In India they are many such illustrations which can be illustrated to a figure of groups who were engaged in seting in their best attempts to convey about important alteration in the field of instruction. They believe in their ain work it does non count to them that their attempt was non in the big graduated table or that it was non seeable to all people in the state. They think that if they or their work even act upon the few immature heads, they set us believing about the tremendous possibilities that would open up if the if local or national authorities support this alterations. The authorities poli cy to put up a National Institute of Open Schooling ( NIOS ) was found to be the most popular and important measure toward betterment in the field of instruction. Such a measure opens the door to informal and individualized gait of acquisition, which was welcomed by most of the alternate schools. Indeed it was the first clip when alternate acquisition was coming on their way of chief watercourse professional instruction. With this authorities enterprise to open NIOS has made possible the followers: The gap of school for slow scholars Inclusive instruction for the otherwise able along with ‘normal ‘ kids. Delinking of the methodological analysis of a larning programme from the stringent demands of the Board Examination. Addressing the different gait of acquisition. Giving a point of entry to the mainstream from an alternate paradigm. In Pedagogy of Hope, Freire writes, ‘ I do non understand human being, and the battle needed to better it, apart from hope and dream ‘ ( Freire 1996 ) . Keeping the hope alive is non easy. To even place and research bing ‘alternatives'-however they may be possibility of being imperfect and uncomplete but still it is an exercising in hope. So today it is really necessary demand to make and remain near to mainsprings of alternate educational thinking-which cuddles within the visions of wider transformative socio-political alterations. These options will go on to develop, spread out and widen. We are required to cast the impression that ‘There is No Alternative ‘ and alternatively, work toward conveying and actively progressively cohesive, meaningful options to the society.Why such Education is needed?Harmonizing to Martha C. Nussbaum, she explains in one of her article that Public instruction is important ingredients for the wellness of democracy. Recently there are many enterprises has been taken around the universe in the field of instruction, nevertheless they are chiefly narrow down their focal point on scientific discipline and engineering, pretermiting the of import topic such as humanistic disciplines and humanistic disciplines. They besides focus on the internalisation of information, instead than on the formation of the pupil ‘s critical and inventive capacities. The writer demonstrated the unrecorded illustration which she has experienced in Bihar with the one of the Patna centred Non authorities administration named Adithi. When they reached a topographic point near to Nepalese boundary line, they found really meager installations. Teaching is done largely outside the schoolroom on the land, or under the shadiness of barn. Students were enduring from basic installations such as paper and merely few slates were available that has to be passed manus to manus. However it was originative instruction. Following she visited the girl literacy plan, house in a caducous following door. The day-to-day agenda of misss were small busy as in the forenoon they went for herding of the caprine animal, So there categories began around 4p.m. about 15 misss in entire comes to this individual schoolrooms age 6-15 old ages for three hours of after work acquisition. There are no desks, no chairs, no chalkboard are available, and there is merely few slates and spot of chalks but these job does non halt misss from coming to the category and the passion of the instructor is besides one of the major factor of this binding. The instructor is themselves among the hapless rural adult females assisted by the Adithi plan. . Proudly the misss brought in the caprine animals that they had been able to purchase from the nest eggs account they have jointly established in their group. Mathematicss is taught in portion by concentrating on such practical issues. Author thinks that there are many things to larn fro m given illustrations but few of them can be: foremost, the close linkage between instruction and critical thought about one ‘s societal environment ; 2nd, the accent on the humanistic disciplines as cardinal facets of the educational experience ; third, the intense passion and investing of the instructors, their delectation in the advancement and besides the individualism of their pupils. Now the writer elaborates theoretical account of instruction for democratic citizenship. Harmonizing to her there are three types of capacities are indispensable to the cultivation of democratic citizenship in the today ‘s universe ( Nussbaum, 1997 ) . The First is a Capacity stressed by both Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru. They emphasise on the capacity for critical scrutiny of oneself and one ‘s traditions, for populating what we may follow Socrates ; we may name ‘the examined life ‘ . This capacity can merely be obtain if we train one ‘ ego, Training this capacity requires developing the capacity to ground logically, to prove what one what he or she reads or says for consistence of logical thinking, rightness of fact, and truth of judgement. Testing of this kind often creates new challenges to tradition, as Socrates knew good when he defended himself against the charge of ‘corrupting the immature ‘ But he defended his activity on the evidence s that democracy needs citizens. Critical thought is peculiarly important for good citizenship in a society that needs and required to come to clasps with the presence of people who differ by ethnicity, caste, and faith. Then after she describes the 2nd portion of the her proposal Citizens who cultivate their capacity for effectual democratic citizenship demand, farther, an ability to see themselves as non merely citizens of some local part or group, but besides, and above wholly, as human existences bound to all other human existences by ties of acknowledgment and concern. It is really indispensable that they have to understand both the differences that make understanding hard between groups and states and the shared human demands and involvements that make understanding indispensable, if common jobs are to be solved. This means larning rather a batch both about states other than one ‘s ain and about the different groups that are portion of one ‘s ain nation.This undert aking includes demoing pupils how and why different groups interpret grounds otherwise and build different narrations. Even the best text edition will non win at this complex undertaking unless it is presented together with a teaching method that fosters critical thought, the critical examination of conflicting beginning stuffs, and active acquisition ( larning by making ) about the troubles of building a historical narration. This brings me to the 3rd portion of my proposal. As the narrative of the dowery drama in Bihar indicates, citizens can non believe good on the footing of factual cognition entirely. The 3rd ability of the citizen, closely related to the first two, can be called the narrative imaginativeness. This means the ability to believe what it might be like to be in the places of a individual different from oneself, to be an intelligent reader of that individual ‘s narrative, and to understand the emotions and wants and desires that person so located might hold. A s Tagore wrote, †we may go powerful by cognition, but we attain fullness by sympathy aˆÂ ¦ But we find that this instruction of understanding is non merely consistently ignored in schools, but it is badly repressed † ( Tagore, 1961, p. 219 ) . Finally, the humanistic disciplines are great beginnings of joy – and this joy carries over into the remainder of a kid ‘s instruction. Amita Sen ‘s book approximately Tagore as choreographer, competently entitled Joy in All Work, shows how all the ‘regular ‘ instruction in Santiniketan, which enabled these pupils to execute really good in standard scrutinies, was infused with delectation because of the manner in which it was combined with dance and vocal. Children do non like to sit still all twenty-four hours ; but they besides do non cognize automatically how to show emotion with their organic structures in dance. Tagore ‘s expressive, but besides disciplined, dance government was an indispensable beginning of creativeness, thought, and freedom for all students, but peculiarly for adult females, whose organic structures had been taught to be shame-ridden and inexpressive ( Amita Sen, 1999 ) .Narrative of a BirdA really beautiful narrative has b een demonstrated by the writer about the instruction that if there is no proper counsel is given to teacher towards the kids, so it led to the terrible harm to child ‘s head. Harmonizing to her there is no more fantastic word picture of what is incorrect with an instruction based on mere proficient command and rote acquisition than Tagore ‘s sad narrative ‘The Parrot ‘s Training ‘ . A certain Raja had a bird that he loved. He wanted to educate it, because he thought ignorance was a bad thing. His initiates convinced him that the bird must travel to school. The first thing that had to be done was to give the bird a suited building for his schooling: so they build a brilliant aureate coop. The following thing was to acquire good text editions. The initiates said, †Textbooks can ne'er be excessively many for our intent. † Scribes worked twenty-four hours and dark to bring forth the needed manuscripts. Then, instructors were employed. Somehow or other they got rather a batch of money for themselves and built themselves good houses. When the Raja visited the school, the instructors showed him the methods used to teach the parrot. †The method was so colossal that the bird looked laughably unimportant in comparing. The Raja was satisfied that there was no defect in the agreements. As for any ailment from the bird itself, that merely could non be expec ted. Its pharynx was so wholly choked with the foliages from the books that it could neither whistle nor whisper. † The lessons continued. One twenty-four hours, the bird died. Cipher had the least thought how long ago this had happened. The Raja ‘s nephews, who had been in charge of the instruction ministry, reported to the Raja: †Sire, the bird ‘s instruction has been completed. † †Does it skip? † he Raja enquired. †Never! † said the nephews. †Does it wing? † †No. † †Bring me the bird, † said the Raja. The bird was brought to him, guarded by the kotwal and the sepoys and the sowars. The Raja poked its organic structure with his finger. Merely its interior dressing of book-leaves rustled. Outside the window, the mutter of the spring zephyr amongst the freshly budded Asoka leaves made the April forenoon wistful. ( Tagore, 1994 ) This fantastic narrative barely needs commentary. Its important po int is that educationalists tend to bask speaking about themselves and their ain activity, and to concentrate excessively small on the little stamp kids whose avidity and wonder should be the nucleus of the educational enterprise. Tagore idea that kids were normally more alive than grownups, because they were less weighted down by wont. The undertaking of instruction was to avoid killing off that wonder, and so to construct outward from it, in a spirit of regard for the kid ‘s freedom and individualism instead than one of hierarchal infliction of information. I do non hold with perfectly everything in Tagore ‘s educational ideal. For illustration, I am less anti-memorization than Tagore was. Memorization of fact can play a valuable and even a necessary function in giving students bid over their ain relationship to history and political statement. That is one ground why good text editions are of import, something that Tagore would hold disputed. But about the big point I am absolutely in understanding: instruction must get down with the head of the kid, and it must hold the end of increasing that head ‘s freedom in its societal environment, instead than killing it off.

Essay English

Opinion column in the glamour magazine – Stereotypical jokes on intelligence – For years and years I’ve been subjected to blonde jokes. You hear blonde jokes at elementary schools, you hear them around the water cooler at work and you hear them on morning drive-time radio. Ever heard of this one before? â€Å"Q. How do you get a blonde to laugh at a joke on Saturday? A. Tell it to her on Tuesday. † Are those jokes about blondes or intelligence of a certain ethnical group really considered as funny? Are they politically correct?One could tell a joke about intelligence of almost every ethnical group or attribute of someone, does this mean that these jokes are political correct now, because everyone is affected by it? A random person tells a joke about my intelligence assuming that I am stupid just because I am blonde. I don’t care about the blonde jokes, simply because the ones who tell the joke know exactly that it is not true. If people start to bel ieve and take it personally, it could cause a lot of problems. I am aware that I am not stupid, why would I be successful in my work then?Last week I walk into the office, everything as usual; my coffe and work awaiting on my desk, the employees getting ready to work. I get introduced to a new employee. A young tall man, seems confident, blue eyes, brown hair and dressed in a suite. Let’s say: Good looking. We talk, we laugh, I spill my coffee. He laughs and immediately has a blonde joke ready. Does he never spill his coffee? I could assume he’s a dumbass, just because he has the stereotyp of a good looking arrogant man. Certainly he didn’t mean to offend me, because we both know that blonde jokes are not true. Where is the context between blonde and dullness?The answer I believe is jealousy. Blondes are also seen as men-attracter, no matter if it is true or not. â€Å"Men prefer blonde women†, therefore other hair colored women are in the shadow of the b londes. Smells of jealousy! The men are not getting blamed for prefffering the blondes, but the blondes as stupid as they are â€Å"running after men†. Jealousy? Seriously? Are human beings getting so upset that they have to discrimnate someones intelligence only because of their hair color? Hair color neither has feelings nor can it talk, so what is it about the hair color? It is not only the blondes who are hearing the jokes over and over again.The first impression of an Asian people have is that they are smart. Without even talking to them their prejusdice is that this Asian person is smarter than everyone else. What would you say about the intelligence of an American? Yes, I can forsee you would say that they have no general knowledge. A joke about Americans â€Å"How does an american search for a rabbit ? He imitates the sound of a carrot. â€Å" The joke itself is funny and everyone knows that it is not true, since it is unrealistic. The thought behind the joke though is still considered as true, that Americans are stupid.Here is the point where it could cause troubles, if people actually believe in it. One cannot judge the Americans as stupid, since their culture might have teached them differently. Eduaction is different, but judge the one who is responsible for it and not the ones who are dependet of it. If they are not intelligent, why are we then buying their products? I use my Iphone everyday, I am writing on my MacBook and I love Starbucks. They all are American products. It needs intelligence to succeed, no matter what kind of product. It could be food, clothing or technic.I’m comparing Asians, Europeans and Americans now with their culture. People also say that the geographical knowledge of Americans are the worst, but does everyone in the world besides the Americans know where Estonia is? Would you know off by heart without looking at a map? I believe half of us wouldn’t know. In the American culture, people express oneâ €™s sentiments no matter if it is right or wrong and in case it is wrong they will laugh with it and correct is whereas in Europe it is embarassing. In Switzerland, where I live, it is an embarassement if you said something „veryâ€Å" wrong and people will laugh at you and not with you.In the Asian culture, for example in the Chinese culture there is the one-child policy. Obviously the parents want his only child to be successful and need to push them, therefore their effort overall in the culture is much higher than the ones of Americans. This still does not mean that Asians are smarter, only that some put in more effort and I would consider this as positive rather than negative. Maybe some are just again jealous that they don’t have the endurance to put in enough effort to achieve a goal. All these jokes about intelligence are superficial and therefore spread easily within a community or even outside the community.There is no logic behind these jokes, since one is proud of ones individuality and the whole world discloses individuality, but these jokes show the opposite. I clearly cannot see any correlation between these to human thoughts. I will just live with the blonde jokes and be amused of them rather than being offended, they are still funny. Intelligence cannot be measured through appearance or nationality. It’s obnoxious, unfair and stereotypical to blame intelligence on appearance or on an entire nationality. The lack of intelligence or â€Å"overdose† of intelligence simply doesn’t come from these factors.